Solutions and Recommendations on Regulation of IPR Free Essay Example, 4750 words

In the context of the protection of IPRs versus the rights of the public, it has become necessary to redefine the traditional notions of IPR and its regulation. The Internet has changed the face of IPR and has mandated the adoption of new and novel ways to tackle the problems involved with the infringement of IPRs. Hannabuss has mentioned the assignment of certain kinds of licenses that are classified under those issued for fair dealing purposes, which set out the criteria for permitted acts35a. These include the use of copyrighted material for purposes of research or study, reporting or insubstantial use, including allowing photocopying under a license. These would include Newspaper Licensing Agency licenses, design, and Artists Copyright Society Licenses and Christian Copyright Licenses, among others. These licenses contain guidelines on how much copying is permissible. Similarly, patent law has also made provision for finding infringement, even when modifications and additions ar e carried out in the UK, the law on patent also includes the scope for finding indirect infringement, through Section 60(2) which states: an individual will infringe another s patent where a person contributes to but does not directly take part in the infringement. This allows enhanced protection for patent owners, even in instances where they are unable to trace the source of the infringement because the indirect user of the infringed patented product can be sued instead. In two recent cases before the EU, the likelihood of confusion resulting in determining the extent of protection in a particular trademark similar to another has also been set out, in order to provide additional guidance on the issue of IPR. In the case of Canon KK v Metro Goldwyn Maye36r, the ECJ held that while considering the likelihood of confusion between two marks and whether or not one infringes on the other, the distinctive character of the earlier trademark and in particular its reputation must be ta ken into account .for the purposes of article 4(1) (b) of the Directive, registration of a trademark may have to be refused . We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions and Recommendations on Regulation of IPR or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now

African American Stereotypes Reality Television - 1531 Words

Reality programs have dominated television networks since their rise in popularity began in the early 1990s with MTV’s The Real World. The reality genre quickly gained viewership as it redefined the formulaic set up of televisions shows from the past. Reality television has infiltrated television because networks prefer low budgets for their programs that also generate high ratings (Hasinoff, 2008). People watch reality shows because they are intrigued by the seemingly â€Å"real† drama with ordinary people as characters (Dubrofsky, 2006). Now at its peak of growth, reality television evokes ideas of social order and cultural norms to its audiences, while perpetuating racial stereotypes in society (Mendible, 2004). My purpose of the review of†¦show more content†¦Reality show characters are often shown in embarrassing situations and their personal matters are publicized to the world. The research found that frequent viewers of reality TV highly value revenge, c ompetition, and achieving status and prestige (Mendible, 2004, p. 336). Mendible further discussed reality television’s strategic use of humiliation as a form of entertainment to draw in viewers (Mendible, 2004). With constant exposure to media images, audiences may be influenced by the television show’s values and subliminal messages. People use reality television as an informational tool to â€Å"people watch† and observe what is socially acceptable or not (Tyree, 2011, p. 397). The problem with using television to observe and decipher social norms with is that reality shows are not actually based on real events. Reality television contains fictional aspects that allow producers to manipulate situations that appear to be â€Å"real† on screen. In order to keep their characters interesting and easily recognizable throughout the season, a show must clearly establish heroes, villains and supporting characters to keep their audience coming back for more (Ty ree, 2011, p. 395). This involves the heavy use of racial stereotypes in their shows because it allows for quick character development as well as cheap entertainment. The way a particular race or culture is represented on reality television can adversely affect the way society views thatShow MoreRelatedThe Representation of African Americans in the Media and Popular Culture901 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In popular culture, specifically American television, representations of African Americans often rely upon an array of stereotypes. Representation is the production of meaning through language or signifying systems. In media, the dominant stereotypes of African Americans include the sapphire, the coon, the jezebel, and the buck. These stereotypes originated during the minstrelsy period of the 1830s from white actors in blackface. While classic Black stereotypes originated during this period, theyRead MoreAfrican American Women : Hypersexualized Vs. Angry Black Woman807 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican American Women: Hypersexualized vs. Angry Black Woman African American women have not had the opportunity to land career changing roles in many years. Most roles that are offered are small roles where they are seen and not really heard. There has been a shift in the past few years where African American women have increased in their appearance in television shows. Minorities have been underrepresented in television shows in the years, however in recent years there has been a trend of moreRead MoreEverybody Hates Chris1164 Words   |  5 PagesSince television came into existence, it has evolved into a useful tool to spread ideas, both social and political, and has had a great effect on the generations growing up with these heavily influential shows. To these younger generations, television has taken the role of a teacher, with the task of creating a social construction by which many of us base our personal beliefs and judgments on. This power allows television shows take the opportunity to address problems in a manner that many audien cesRead MoreTelevision s Influence On Our Vision On Worldview And Culture877 Words   |  4 Pagesmodern times, television (T.V.) has become a crucial part of our everyday lives. One relies on T.V. for news, entertainment, and knowledge. Consequently, television impairs our vision on worldview and culture. Television has an impacted influence on our judgement; as a result, it causes us to think that we are knowledgeable about everyone’s ethnic background. In actuality, we are blinded by the portrayal of cultures on television leading to ignorance of cultural history. Ultimately, television promotesRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1293 Words   |  6 Pagesaffects society. One of the most prominent explanations of those questions is the way media influences stereotypes. There has been previous research linking media sources and biased attitudes. This research paper explores articles supporting media as an influence of stereotypes. The perceptions of society are influenc ed by media. The media influences perception in many different aspects of life. Stereotypes act as cognitive schemas, used to help us process and organize information about the social worldRead MoreStereotypes And Stereotypes Of African Americans Essay1468 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans have been represented in the media with harmful stereotypes which were founded in the slavery era (Cartier, 2014)(Carpenter, 2012). This negative representation invites bias from those who accept the images, the distortion of which is accentuated by both sexism and racism. Black women are the least represented group in cinema, making it easier to rely on stereotypes which encourage societal bias. From these stereotypes, like the Jezebel and Sapphire, stem the â€Å"real world† stereotypesRead MoreKingfisher Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Sapphire character stereotype is one of the most recent and pervasive. Amos n Andy originated as a radio comedy program that was first broadcast in 1928. The program itself was about two Black men living in Harlem, New York, but the radio programs originators where actually White. After gaining popularity as a radio show, Amos n Andy came to CBS television in 1951. However, the television shows success was ultimately short lived. Amos n Andy received heavy backlash from several BlackRead MoreThe Intersection Of Race And Media1489 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscriminatory since the days of blackface, American Indian depictions in old cowboy movies and really any person that was not of white Anglo-Saxon tradition. For much of U.S. history, most white-produced images of other racial groups have been unambiguously racist (Croteau 2012) But even though us as a nation has gotten better since those days, is racism completely gone from American television or is it still being normalized into cinema and television by reproducing the understanding of racial differenceRead MoreAfrican Americans During The 20th Century Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesThe question is always asked does the media reflect the reality of society, or does society try and imitate the reality shown by the media? There are a number of stereotypes associated with African Americans in our society such as African American men are athletes, rappers, criminals, deviant, streetwise, uneducated, and unemployed just to name a few. African Americans in the media have changed through the years. The history of African Americans on TV or minorities in general is hampered by the racialRead MoreNegative Stereotypes in Reality Television1639 Words   |  7 PagesAs Reality TV becomes more prominent it seems as though negative stereotypes overtly saturate this genre of entertainment. The popularity of reality TV shows subliminally support the preconceived or self-fulfilling prophesy consumers may have towards a certain person or group of people. Reality TV has had an extensive run demeaning African Americans while perpetuating stereotypes. More specifi cally today, black men are portrayed as stereotypical Brute individuals on the reality TV show Love and

People And High Performance Organizations â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Developing People And High Performance Organizations? Answer: Introducation In the widely popular industries, it is seen that a competitive ambience within the organization is somewhat intensifying and various organizations should develop some core competencies resources and innovative capabilities to facilitate them to compete in todays ever-changing business setting. It can be said that, Globalization in the form of greater than before dissemination of technology and access to the akin resources make traditional sources of competitive advantage easier to replicate, and thus making it harder for various organizations to distinguish themselves from the competition (Katzenbach and Smith 2015). It is a matter of fact that, as the speed of change and the level of uncertainty increases, the strategic thinking becomes more vital. Thus recognizing those challenges some organizations are increasingly emphasising human resources as one of the key sources of competitive advantage in their organizations. The main focus of transforming the human resource managements ro le from a reactive function, focussed by the operational needs of the organization to a specific strategic function wherein a systematic approach is engaged towards the coordination of employee management that aims to be allied with and conductive to accomplish the organizations strategic objectives. The strategic human resource management is when the organizations take strategical decisions in their human resource practice along with targets of attainment of the economic goals of their shareholders, the satisfaction of workforce as well as their social legitimacy. Thus to effectively make parallel Human resource management with such strategies, the organizations should assess how their contemporary HRM policies, practices and initiatives are configured as well as how these are all connected to and can add some value towards achieving strategic objectives (Boso, Story and Cadogan 2013). The management of such organizations must consider the fact that which human resource practices and resources are critical to their companys performance, and identify the gaps stuck between available and required human resources and determine Human resource management strategies to resolve those gaps and contribute to generate competitive advantage. It is also seen that some specialists in this fi eld, defined strategic human resource management as making the HR department aware of the organizations business strategy and structuring the HR practices to support these (Blackman et al., 2012). Many scholars stated that some organizations increasingly depend on the effective management of human capital for success of the organizations. Through partaking is strategy development and considering the resulting operational consequences, HRM can effectively align, plan and design actions to best fit the goals and thereby better contribute to the organizations competitive abilities. Being conscious of the companys human capital, education, knowledge and other proficiencies, HR managers can decide whether this capital would require enhanced abilities through training and development or via recruitment and selection of new employees (Spreitzer and Porath 2012). The available knowledge within an organizations human capital is most possibly the significant root of all the competitive advantages. The challenges for the companies must be to transform the implicit knowledge found in employees into explicit knowledge of the organization. Primarily, human resource development is a function of strategic HRM expanded on for various organizations that operate in a more multifaceted and unpredictable environments. Additionally, some areas of strategic human resource development and performance appraisal in strategic HRM are interlinked with HRD in a way that they overlap and complement each other. It is a matter of fact that, human capital as well as other resources can be easily generated inside the company or else can be acquired from various external suppliers (Parmenter 2015). There are varieties of definitions of HRD in the literature, and the difficulty of a straightforward HRD definition and model originates in with the contributions to the subject from a wide range of scholars and researchers in some areas, like industrial relations, education, psychology, management and engineering. Many contemporary scholars narrows it down to three basic principal bases; those are, adult learning system, important functions of HRD at workplace learning system theory and psychology. It is a matter of fact that, the external environment is monitored by an organizations strategic plan and HRD must be guided by this which can be seen in the supply and needs of the local labour, political and legal situations in the external environment (Schleicher 2012). It is also a fact that, the need for monitoring the domestic environment and those HRD executives needs to keep an eye on a companys quality control system, financial system, sick-leave figures, safety reports, performance appraisal systems and an overall managerial observations. These are the areas that provide human resource development executives an early warning of areas those need attention. HRD management has four basic stages, and those are, the investigation stage, the implementation stage, the design stage and finally, the evaluation stage. The investigation phase is the one, where, the needs of the companies are investigated and identified. Then in the design stage, the aims are examined along with the ob jectives and the content those are to be learnt. The stage of implementation is consisted of the management and coordination of the program and the conducting of structured or unstructured learning strategies (Parmenter 2015). The final evaluation stage can employ a range of dissimilar models to assess the extent and effectiveness of the intended learning. In this matter, it is seen that the companies apply a supply chain model in order to forecast its human resource demand. This model involves two approaches to address the uncertainty on the demand side by comparing buy versus make decisions and how to reduce risk in demand forecasting ,(Patel, Messersmith and Lepak 2013). In addition to that, it is seen how this model proposes two other approaches on the supply side where the organizations must consider the return on venture in HR development along with protecting the investment by generating the internal opportunities to give surety that the talents sustain within the company. It is seen that, there are numerous definitions of the strategic HRD found, and the basic difference between the HRD and strategic HRD, and the latter one actively contributes to a companys strategic planning and protects the development of the core competencies. The main purpose of the HRD in core competency management is one of involve informing the strategic planning procedure, identify, and protect the core competencies (Patel, Messersmith and Lepak 2013). Some experts say that HRD is a support function, and on the other hand, it is seen that HRD is one of the strategic value creating activities. The HR managers will be needing a comprehensive understanding of the strategic objectives and how those can contribute to the companys strategies and aims. It is seen that various executives struggle to locate the core competencies and the competitive advantage that HRD can bring in to their company (Kehoe and Wright 2013_. There are four basic challenges in facing strategic HRD, and the primary one is the presence of recognition within the company. It is also a matter of fact that HRD in most cases stays absent in the boardroom meetings and other leadership positions, which might be attributed to the perceived lack of relevancy, contribution and impact on the strategy and bottom lines. Sometimes it is also seen that, HRD practitioners were unable to convince organizational leaders of the strategic value that their profession can bring in as well as the inability to develop the methodologies required to integrate HRD management in companies (Scheerens 2012). In addition to that, it i s seen how HRD professionals were unable to present a workable return on the investment model. It is a matter of fact that, the lack of clear HRD identity is the largest attributer of these challenges. Thus to conclude, it can be said that a properly aligned strategic approach to HRD must play a strategic role within a company contributing advancement towards organizational objectives and an overall competitive success and advantages. It is a matter of fact, which many experts suggest that available knowledge within an organizations human resource can emerge as a root of all the competitive advantages. This essay stresses on the fundamental strategies to attain competitive advantage using the HRD and also sheds light on the necessity of the proactive nature of the HR managers within the organization. It is a matter of fact that, in many organizations HRD is facing problems regarding its own meaning in some cases, as very less people has the appropriate idea of HRD and activities of HRD and its effectiveness. Thus, in short it can be said that, when an organization effectively implies HRD needs according to the strategies they have chosen, they would definitely taste the success and would surely emerge as a great organization in no time. References Blackman, D.A., Buick, F., O'Donnell, M., O'Flynn, J.L. and West, D., 2012. Developing high performance: Performance management in the Australian Public Service. Boso, N., Story, V.M. and Cadogan, J.W., 2013. Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, network ties, and performance: Study of entrepreneurial firms in a developing economy.Journal of Business Venturing,28(6), pp.708-727. Boxall, P., 2012. High?performance work systems: what, why, how and for whom?.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,50(2), pp.169-186. Grimmelikhuijsen, S.G. and Meijer, A.J., 2012. Effects of transparency on the perceived trustworthiness of a government organization: Evidence from an online experiment.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,24(1), pp.137-157. Katzenbach, J.R. and Smith, D.K., 2015.The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. Harvard Business Review Press. Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), pp.366-391. Lee, A.V., Vargo, J. and Seville, E., 2013. Developing a tool to measure and compare organizations resilience.Natural hazards review,14(1), pp.29-41. Parmenter, D., 2015.Key performance indicators: developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs. John Wiley Sons. Patel, P.C., Messersmith, J.G. and Lepak, D.P., 2013. Walking the tightrope: An assessment of the relationship between high-performance work systems and organizational ambidexterity.Academy of Management Journal,56(5), pp.1420-1442. Patel, P.C., Messersmith, J.G. and Lepak, D.P., 2013. Walking the tightrope: An assessment of the relationship between high-performance work systems and organizational ambidexterity.Academy of Management Journal,56(5), pp.1420-1442. Scheerens, J., 2012. Summary and conclusion: Instructional leadership in schools as loosely coupled organizations. InSchool Leadership Effects Revisited(pp. 131-152). Springer Netherlands. Schleicher, A., 2012.Preparing teachers and developing school leaders for the 21st century: Lessons from around the world. OECD Publishing. 2, rue Andre Pascal, F-75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. Spreitzer, G. and Porath, C., 2012. Creating sustainable performance.Harvard Business Review,90(1), pp.92-99.

What Have I Seen free essay sample

Booming laughter echoed in my ears. I peered over the frail shoulder of the young boy, my ten-year old cousin, to see as to what his eyes were glued to. On his laptop screen displayed a video of some teenagers running around slapping each other with shaving cream. â€Å"Smack cam† they dubbed it and their view count was climbing exponentially. Confusion and curiosity crept into my mind as creases formed on my forehead. How was this activity popular? People actually find enjoyment in abusing their so-called friends and recording it for the world to join in on the fun? How did my young cousin even get his paws on such a horrendous video? Seriously, what is wrong with our generation? I find myself asking these questions every time I hear about another viral trend like â€Å"twerking† (a dance involving shaking the hips while doing a handstand) or â€Å"smack camming†. This may be entertaining to watch, but we need to keep in mind the age of the audience viewing thes e videos. We will write a custom essay sample on What Have I Seen? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nowadays, with easy access to the Internet and television younger children can view these videos and find them socially appropriate. More restrictions should be placed on public broadcasting, as certain material needs to be censored from adolescents. It seems every time I log onto one of my social media accounts there is always a post of some scantily clad girl dancing or a song slewed full of curse words. Just the other day multiple posts of Miley Cyrus swinging naked on a wrecking ball, while licking a hammer, flooded my newsfeed. My nose crinkled with disgust as the edges of my mouth curved down into a frown. This was considered art? I had to know more details about this strange video to quench my curiosity. Pulling up YouTube, I managed to find the music video without any trouble seeing as it was openly displayed on the homepage for anyone to view. I, for one, sure felt like a tetanus shot was called for after watching the video of the former innocent Disney star grinding in a demolition site. Now I clearly knew everything I watched are considered abnormal, but children may not see it that way. They still possess the â€Å"if everyone else is doing it, I should too† mentality. Once we introduce such videos to adolesce nts, they will be acclimated to the weird and somewhat grotesque behavior. Like the first snowfall of the season, children’s minds are unmarred by any pollution. We take caution to avoid tarnishing the unblemished blanket by walking on paved sidewalks or even stepping in the footsteps previously made by others. We prolong the inevitable because once we dirty the pure, white flakes our actions can’t be reversed. Just in the past year, I visited my cousins who in my mind are still considered babies since their average age is 12. I remember distinctly overhearing them slinging curse words at each other, thinking that is was of the norm to do so. My ears were bleeding from hearing these crude sayings from such angelic voices. These kids, supposedly blind to all the bad in the world, dropped the words â€Å"s***† and â€Å"b****† as often as people abused the word â€Å"like†. I asked one of the boys where they heard such words; his simple reply, â€Å"I saw it on YouTube.† What happened to the good ole days where people only watched shows with family values like Full House? Back then, the biggest controversy showed on TV would be a short kiss shared between two characters. Now show writers are constantly pushing the boundaries as to what they show, whether it’s crude language or half nude scenes. However, as more of these social norms become accepted, worry spreads that as a culture we sully the youth’s unstained snow. Parents need to monitor the children’s activities more carefully. For instance, putting parental locks on television shows and movies isn’t as difficult anymore. Almost all cable programs provide settings to block inappropriate content. Even protection locks are placed on Internet sites that only allow mature audiences access. Parents can research ahead of time what movie their kids will be going to see and decide whether or not it is suitable for them to view. During a viewing of the R-rated movie, The Heat, I glanced up into the back row only to be met with the sight of 14-year olds giggling at the profane language and violent scenes. Their parents sat next to them thoroughly enjoying the movie like it was an appropriate family activity for them all to bond over. I don’t know if these parents want to seem cool to their kids or not, but I find it wrong when it’s socially acceptable that a child can watch these movies without any further questioning. I am not saying that all children should be watching Barney or Dora the Explorer, but there need to be restraints placed on what is deemed as family friendly. I understand even with parental guidance, there are still loopholes as to where this content could have infiltrated. The music video by Miley Cyrus previously mentioned is not even restricted to those 18 and older, meaning anyone can access such inappropriate behavior. Recently, content ratings have been lowered as more people find certain curse words acceptable to say. Yes, cursing is a mean for people to truly express their feelings, but not everyone likes to use explicit language just to describe their anger. Personally, I find cursing cathartic. However, I know when to restrain myself from shouting out the colorful language in certain situations. The broadcasting networks could also apply a similar restraint concerning what younger viewers should be able to see, especially during daylight hours. Although late night shows are where these violent and mature contents are shown, some children can also view them if their own parents don’t monitor them more closely. Censorship does not narrow people’s views of the world, it merely restricts offensive content from the youth. Blocking these undesirables is just a small measure to prevent children from acting out and becoming lascivious characters at an early age. As they grow more mature and have a better judgment of what they find personally acceptable, these now adults will be able to decide if they can view these mature subjects. Even if we avoid soiling the virgin snow as much as possible, eventually, we are forced to step into the white ice with our muddy shoes to cross the road. Although it’s nice to stay indoors and watch the peaceful snowflakes, we must journey back into reality to advance in life. As their mentors, we can influence their minds more than we think we do, so it is our job to guide these clean slates towards more appropriate topics.