Forest free essay sample

1. The job of working memory in top-down perceptual preparing is that the working memory is answerable for thinking and dynamic. It holds a lot of transitory memory stores that effectively control and practice data. In this manner working memorys job in top-down perceptual handling Is that the impression of more significant level information given to top-down preparing Is information from the working memory. The information required for top-down perceptual preparing to happen is created from the working memory in this manner making working memory make light of a major job in top perceptual handling. 2. In the event that I was building up a general wellbeing effort to caution individuals about the risks of gorging and heftiness, I would put more accentuation on solid nourishments instead of a sound body size. Society esteems a thin body type and gives individuals the idea that heftiness is ugly, and as a result of this message individuals frequently begin eating less junk food and go over the edge with It. They become lost In their very own universe and feel that they can never be excessively thin, not understanding themselves how debilitated slender they have become. We will compose a custom paper test on Woods or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Additionally a few clinicians accept that dietary issues can be achieved by excessively requesting guardians or other family Issues. Concentrating on a sound eating routine instead of a solid body size would help balance the need to forestall heftiness with the need to abstain from expanding the danger of dietary issues. 3. In the wake of viewing the film Forest Gump and watching the principle character Forest, he shows a variety of parts of knowledge. I believe that Forest shows his comprehension about the world, he can think normally and he generally utilizes assets successfully when confronted with difficulties throughout his life, in this way exhibiting his insight. Woods shows his utilization of insight all through the film in any various manners. One significant test Forest is confronted with in his youth years is the leg supports he needs on account of his abnormal spine. A significant number of the small kids he goes to class with see him as being extraordinary and ridicule him as a result of his leg supports. In the start of the film, Forest jumps on the transport for school and the children on the transport reveal to him all the seats are gone for as he strolls down the passageway. One young lady discloses to Forest that he can sit alongside her, and starting here on their fellowship sprouts; Jenny and Forest become closest companions. Albeit Forest many be minimal moderate, he shows his insight from numerous points of view. In the start of the film he is there for Jenny, he comprehends that her father doesn t treat her privilege and is worried about her. At the point when she doesn t jump on the transport for school one morning, Forest goes to discover her; he comprehends and can think sanely in this circumstance. At the point when Forests mother dies after a fight with malignant growth, he comprehends that everybody lives at that point needs beyond words some point. Woodland additionally shows reasonable Intelligence In this film from multiple points of view. Functional Intelligence Is the most seful estimation of Intelligence as per Stenberg; It Is Intelligence identified with in general achievements In llvlng. A tnougn Forest races cnallenges, ne Is still aDle to De extremely fruitful from various perspectives appeared in this film. Woodland is effective in school in spite of the fact that he thinks it is befuddling on occasion. He gets the opportunity to be on the school football crew which he exceeds expectations in light of the fact that he can run quick. Woods moves on from school and can Join the military and does well indeed, he spares the lives of harmed men in the war they battle. Backwoods is very acceptable at ping pong and gets the chance to be on the all American eam, he purchases an angling pontoon and turns into a fruitful shrimp angler with Lieutenant Dan, and Lieutenant Dan puts resources into shares in Apple and gives cash to the congregation. In the end, Forest and Jenny get hitched, Jenny kicks the bucket and Forest takes care of his child. All these are instances of down to earth insight demonstrating how fruitful Forest Gump is for an incredible duration despite the fact that he intellectually undermined. Parts of Gardners types of knowledge that Forest showcases are in essence sensation abilities; Forest can perform aptitudes utilizing his entire body, for example, moving, being on the ollege football crew, exceeding expectations at ping pong and significant distance running. Woodland learned better by performing exercises utilizing his body instead of perusing data about how to do things since he had a higher type of real sensation abilities. Timberland additionally shows relational insight as he can connect with others effectively all through the film. A genuine case of Forest Gumps relational insight would be toward the finish of the film when he gets Jennys house torn down as a result of the feelings she connects with the house where she as manhandled at a youthful age by her dad. He additionally showed parts of intrapersonal knowledge by having faith in himself and communicating his feelings and love for Jenny and his child. He was likewise incredibly mindful of his body and brain permitting him to turn into a fruitful competitor in the film with football, running, and ping pong. Backwoods indicated naturalist insight by his familiarity with nature and his condition. A case of this is the point at which he disclosed to Jenny about Vietnam and how wonderful it was. He had the option to disclose things to Jenny by utilizing his striking memory about the nature around him.

The Consent Decree and its change of Floridas Education System.

The Consent Decree and its difference in Floridas Education System. Before the making of the Florida Consent Decree there were numerous different laws that were made to secure understudies just as minorities. A couple incorporate Equal Education Opportunity Act and Title VI of the government Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Equal Education Opportunity Act was created in 1974 and was made to disallow prejudicial lead, for example, isolating understudies dependent on their race and shading. This demonstration additionally secured oppression workforce and staff individuals. The Equal Education Opportunity Act likewise expected regions to make a move in beating language hindrances that understudies confronted that frequently caused issues with equivalent interest inside instruction programs. One of the most significant acts in US history just as instruction history is that of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The demonstration's Title VI claims to training. The demonstration forestalls basic and optional schools just as universities from segregating anybody dep endent on race, shading, sex, religion or national origin.Civil Rights Act of 1964The FloridaThe Florida Consent Decree was made so as to all the more likely serve the regularly changing understudy populace in the state funded schools of Florida. The announcement came to fruition after the State of Florida was sued by minority gatherings. These gatherings felt that their youngsters were not getting the reasonable treatment they merited with the laws of the Equal Education Opportunity Act, Title VI of the government Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Florida Educational Equity Act, and other administrative and state laws. The declaration was created so as to have commanded measures and rules all through the state's school areas to offer types of assistance for Limited English Proficiency (LEP) students.There are six fundamental issues that the Consent Decree covers. These six principle issues are Identification and Assessment, Equal Access to Appropriate Programming, Equal Access to Appro priate Categorical and different projects...

101 Things About Tokyo (Pt. 2)

101 Things About Tokyo (Pt. 2) Sooo, Im back in Boston. And, to be really honest, I miss Japan a lot. Boston is cold, gloomy, and (maybe because Im just lazy) school started again! As promised: the continuation 51. Stitch is wildly popular in Japan. There is usually very little mention of Lilo, however. 52. High School Musical 3 called High School Musical Za Movie in Japanese is also very popular here. The title song is playing nonstop in Shibuya (I actually just figured out what song it was today -_-) 53. Jinshinjiko Ã" ºÃ â€°??Ë? ´â€°?ãÊïÖ„ÄÅ„Åò„Çì„Åó„Çì„Åò„ÅìÃ" ºÃ¢ if you stay in Tokyo for an extended amount of time, its really difficult not to hear about these things. Put simply, these are train (densya„ÄÄÃ" ºÃ ÃˆÃµ ªÃ‹ ªÃ¤â€žÃ„Å„Åß„Çì„Åó„ÇÉÃ" ºÃ¢) accidents that happen when the train collides with a person and causes death/serious injury to the person (these are usually suicides). Perhaps not too surprisingly, these accidents happen during peak commute hours (morning, late afternoon), usually involve salaryman („Ç µâ€žÃ‰ ©â€žÃ‰â„¢â€žÃ‰Ã»â€žÃ‰= from last time), and cause big traffic delays to the train line in question. When a major incident happens in the Tokyo metro, the accident is usually broadcast through an announcement on the LCD screens, and sometimes its actually pretty surprising to see how frequently it occurs. 54. To prevent the incidence of these accidents from peaking, the Japanese railway authorities had implemented certain measures, such as installing big mirrors across from the train platforms (after consultation with psychologists) and replacing train bells with light music (the Yamanote lines individualistic station music had since evolved into tourist souvenirs). 55. Did you know that sushi can reveal your personality? (Japanese literacy required) 56. Isnt this amazing?!?! 57. Obamas Inauguration (perhaps a little bit surprisingly) is wildly popular in Japan. Most Japanese know about the event and even stayed up to watch it on television last night! (his speech was during 2 AM local time). 58. President Obamas inspiring verbiage has inspired Japanese to resume the study of English. The Presidents notable speeches throughout the campaign had been compiled into a book, and now is widely used as English teaching material. According to news sources, that book had already sold over 400,000 copies in Japan. 59. Even working fathers are seen clutching copies of Obamas speeches on the densyas and following along with the original speeches on CD (included with the book) after not touching English since finishing university. Words such as passionate, empowering, and moving had been used by Japanese to describe these speeches, according to a NHK (Japanese national channel) news report I saw. 60. Want to know how to say Yes, We Can in Japanese? It has been translated, usually, as warewarehadekiru„ÄÄ(Êàë„ÄÖ„ÅØ„Åß„Åç„ÇãÃ" ºÃ…„ÄÄ„Çè„Çå„Çè„Çå„ÅØ„Åß„Åç„ÇãÃ" ºÃ…Ã" ºÃ¢. (wah-ray-wah-ray-wah-day-key-roo) (wareware = formal plural of me, dekiru = can! poder!) 61. When youre grabbing a quick bite from Yoshinoya or Matsuya (remember gyuudon? this is the Japanese equivalent of McDonalds). Look for oomori„ÄÄÃ" ºÃ Ã‚ §ÃŸÃÃµÃµâ€žÃ‡Ã¤â€žÃ„Å„Åä„Åä„ÇÇ„ÇäÃ" ºÃ¢ this means extra portions on the rice. Guaranteed to make you full even if the meat doesnt! :) 62. The ramen-ya„ÄÄÃ" ºÃ â€žÃ‰ ©â€žÃ‰ ºâ€žÃ‰ °â€žÃ‰= ±Ã£Ã" ºÃ¢ equivalent is kaetama.„ÄÄ(替え玉、かえたまÃ" ºÃ¢ This is an extra serving of the noodles (sometimes comes with a slice or two of extra meat or vegetables). Finish all the noodles in the bowl (dont drink too much of the soup!), and ask for kaetama. Once the waiter brings it to you, slide the extra serving of noodles into the bowl, and its like ordering another ramen! 63. Best part? Look for restaurants that offer free oomori or kaetama portions. :) 64. The Japanese dish Oyako Don„ÄÄÃ" ºÃ Ã‹ ¶â„¢Ã‚?ê‰? ºÃ" ºÃ¥â€žÃ…ä„ÇÃ'„Åì„Å ©â€žÃ‡Ã¬Ã" ºÃ¢ (this is one of my favorite foods in Japan daisuki!) got its name (literally: parent-child-rice-bowl) because chicken (the parent) is simmered with egg (the child) and placed over rice. 65. The tradition to eat Fried Pork Cutlet With Rice (katsudon„ÄÅ„Ç ´â€žÃ‰Ã'‰? º) before a major exam or competition stems from the fact that katsu„ÄÄ(„Ç ´â€žÃ‰Ã'Ã" ºÃ¢ is a homophone for to win„ÄÄÃ" ºÃ Ã‚ãù„Å §Ã" ºÃ¢ in Japanese. 66. When Japanese people make Korean kimchi, it looks pretty much the same but the result is often markedly sweeter. 67. The same goes for many Chinese dishes involving the use of soy sauce (braised pork, Chinese egg plants, stewsetc.) 68. Japanese people really like Chinese and Korean food. For example, the frequency of Chinese restaurants in Tokyo far surpasses the frequency of Japanese restaurants in Taipei. (although we like Japanese food too) 69. My favorite food, hands-down, is chirashi (Êï £â€žÃ‡Ã¢â€žÃ…ó„ÄÅ„Å °â€žÃ‡Ã¢â€žÃ…óÃ" ºÃ¢. Literally, it means scattered sushi and is basically sushi but with the fish pieces scattered on top and the sushi rice in a bed at the bottom. I personally feel this is a more efficient way of eating traditional sushi Ã" ºÃ â€žÃ… ´â€žÃ…é„Çä„ÄÅnigiri the kind that youre used to with a rectangular blob of rice and a piece of fish on top) and ever since I discovered this in Japan a few years ago, its been a definite must-eat every time I visit Japan. 70. Did you know that the ginger next to the sushi is called gari in Japanese and the green tea that comes with the sushi is called agari? (because, or so the joke goes, that someone who was very adverse to eating ginger shows up in a sushi restaurant and mistakenly consumes a few pieces of ginger that came with the sushi. choking upon realizing that he just ate ginger, the customer gasps, Ah! Gari!, and the sushi chef quickly delivered a cup of green tea to help him cleanse his palate. thus, the link between gari and agari was born.) - I just made that whole thing up. 71. At the same time that I applaud Tokyo for its number of public toilets, the other downside is that there seem to be a very sparse number of trash cans (there arent even trash cans in the toilet!). Maybe Japanese dont produce trash? (they seem to be ubiquitous in the States, on the other hand) 72. Want to preserve your memories well? Invest in a Japanese diary/schedule book that goes up to 10 years. Wouldnt you like to look back in 2018 and wonder what youre doing in 2009? 73. The diaries mentioned above are frequently sold in Japanese stationary stores and theyre basically like a standard scheduler, although instead of having one day on one page, you have several rows for the same day on each page (to record what youre doing on that day in different years). The 3-year and 5-year versions are more common, perhaps not surprisingly (I personally dont think Im capable of journaling straight for 10 years -_-). 74. The Tokyo Metro Namboku Line Ã" ºÃ Ã‚çóÂåóÁ?ö„ÄÅ„Å™„Çì„Å ºâ€žÃ…è„Åõ„ÇìÃ" ºÃ¢ is unmanned! 75. Waseda University Ã" ºÃ ÃŠÃ³ ©Ã ®=Áî8 §ÃŸÃ‚? ¶â€žÃ„Å„Çè„Åõ„ņ„ņ„ÅÃ'„Åå„ÅèÃ" ºÃ¢, a really big university in Tokyo thats pretty famous for taking a lot of foreign students, also names their buildings with numbers! They also follow the same building/room number scheme (3-204 stands for Building 3, Room 4 on the Second Floor). I was quite surprised when I found out. 76. The Japanese school term begins in April, rather than in the fall for American school systems. 77. The Japanese equivalent of the SATs, or Nyuugaku Shiken„ÄÄÃ" ºÃ Ã‚Ö•Â? ¶Ã‹ © ¶Ãˆ ®Ã¬â€žÃ„Å„Å ´â€žÃ‡Ã–„ÅÜ„Åå„Åè„Åó„Åë„ÇìÃ" ºÃ¢ is held this same time during my stay in Japan. 78. With a few exceptions, public universities are more highly regarded than private universities. (the opposite from America). 79. The Japanese university entrance system depends on two steps (for the highly competitive schools like Todai Tokyo University) the countrywide Center Exam (Point 77) and the individualized institutional exams given later by the universities, depending on the students intended major of study in that university (this test is usually later, in February or March). Many competitive schools require a minimum mark on the first exam in order to qualify to take the second exam (which is often much more difficult). Passing both exams on the level established by the school finally ensures admission. 80. To prepare for the individualized institutional exams, publishers have produced Akahon,„ÄÄÃ" ºÃ Ã‹ µ §ÃŠÃº ¨â€žÃ„Å„ÅÇ„Åã„Å ªâ€žÃ‡Ã¬Ã" ºÃ¢ or compiled past test questions and answers. The name literally means red book, which is an indicator of the color of the book covers. They make an impressive sight when lined up right next to each other in the bookstores. 81. Theres also a remarkably curious industry developed for these examination students. 82. Utsunomiya Ã" ºÃ Ã‚ÆáÈÉOÂÆÆ„ÄÅ„ÅÜ„Å §â€žÃ…Æ„Åø„ÇÃ'Ã" ºÃ¢ Zoo, in Tochigi„ÄÄÃ" ºÃ ÃŠâ€ Ã‰ÃŠÃº ®â€žÃ„Å„Å ®â€žÃ… °â€žÃ…éÃ" ºÃ¢ Prefecture (located about 30 minutes away from Tokyo) marketed a good luck charm made out of.elephant poo. Elephant dung is filled with tough fiber, so zookeepers had discovered a way of producing an unique souvenir charm by isolating the fibers, washing them, pressing them together into a slab, drying them, and then writing traditional phrases for good luck on one side of the slab. Surprisingly (or not), these exam charms made out of elephant poo is in great demand. What I find most curious is how they even conceived the idea in the first place. 83. There is also a pretty popular red octopus stuffed animal thats produced for examinees. The appeal of the stuffed animal is that its name („Ç™„ÇØ„Éà„Éë„Çp Octopus) is a pun on „Åä„Åè„Å ® to put on (like a desk or a flat surface) and „Éë„Çp to pass. When taken together, the Japanese for octopus can also be read as if you put me on a desk, then youll pass the exam! Its not surprising then, that people are buying these small octopi to use as good luck charms for the examinations (although it is generally prohibited to place extraneous objects on desks in order to discourage cheating). 84. Not enough Putiputi? Try Edamame, the never-ending bean-popping sensation. 85. Made a political folly? Suicide is a common way out. 86. Japanese music stores = so much free sample music! They literally put everything up on free listening stations. Its very possible to spend an hour or so just browsing-through/sampling music. 87. Japanese wholesale chain stores usually have their own jingle, which they play on loop inside the store. The psychological explanation is that the tune gets imprinted in your subconscious, and youre more likely to come back if you need something else in the future. 88. The guy on the 1000 yen note is a microbiologist, who discovered the cause of syphilis, and gave up his life for the advancement of science when he died studying yellow fever. 89. According to Japanese tradition, the first dream of the New Year can predict the dreamers luck. As included in many popular Japanese mangas and anime, if you dream about Mt. Fuji, eggplant, or a hawk, youll have good luck for the rest of the year. 90. The follow up to this is less well-known, but also exists: if you dream about a fan (like those folding bamboo fans), tobacco/cigarettes, or a blind man that gives massages, youll have good luck too. Where did the blind massage man come from?! 10 Reasons Why Im Missing Tokyo 91. This is such a freebie that maybe it doesnt count. But I miss the food. Goodness, the food. On my flight back from Tokyo, the guy who sat next to me ranted on and on to me about not being able to adjust to the food, even after 2 weeks in Tokyo. I almost couldnt believe it! Good food is in Japan, everywhere. From the 390 yen ramen on roadsides to the 3900 yen unagi-don (eel rice) on the fancy restaurants good. food. is. everywhere. (but maybe its just because Im Taiwanese. =p) 92. I miss the metropolitan feeling of it all. Perhaps Ive just lived in an urban jungle for too long, but theres just a sense of convenience and wonderful anonymity about living in a large city. 93. I miss being able to hop on the Subway no matter where I am in Tokyo within 10 minutes of walking. 94. The amazing lunch places with great food and who give you discount because they know youre a student studying abroad. (and the variety! everyday its different udon, ramen, donburi, yakisobammm!) 95. Stores/restaurants that stay open past 8:30 PM! This is probably my biggest pet peeve of living in Cambridge, Massachusetts. 96. The endless supply of bottled green tea which you can pick up almost anywhere on the ubiquitous vending machines, small convenience stores (called „Ç=„É=„Éì„Éã konbini in Japanese. a shortening of the transliteration of convenience), Subway station kiosksetc. 97. I miss being able to be lost in a sea of faces, where no one knows your name. 98. I miss having spontaneous places to go on weekends. 99. I miss having unlimited time to watch anime/Japanese drama. =p I actually finished, for the first time, a complete anime series this IAP. (usually in the past Ill watch a couple of episodes with my friends and then never really see another episode again). 100. I cant believe Im going to say this, but I almost miss the constant stream of people. To be honest, one of my biggest culture shock coming back is taking the Boston subway on a Saturday night and noting how little people there are on the subway. lol. 101. True story. I was taking the Subway on Tokyo, dozing off next to the silver railings, with a group of somnolent businessmen sitting across from me. Suddenly, a gleam of gold jumped out at me from the darkly-attired group. I tried to determine the source of the brightness, whereupon I realized that I was actually looking at a huge, but very distinctive, ring on one of the mens fingers. The more I looked at it, the more I felt that Ive seen the ring somewhere before ”„ÅÇ„ÅÆ„ÄÅ„Åô„Åø„Åæ„Åõ„Çì„ÄÅÂâç„Å ´â€žÃ„Ã…MIT„ÅÆÂ? ¶ÃÃ®Ã¼â€žÃ…ß„Åó„Åü„ÅãÃ" ºÃ¼â€â€žÃ„Ä(Eh, Im sorry, but were you a MIT student before?) „ÅØ„ÅÃ'Ã" ºÃ…„ÄÄÃ" ºÃ­Ã" ºÃªÃ" ºÃªÃ" ºÃ®Ã‚p ¥â€žÃ… ´MIT„ÇíÂçíÊ•?„Åó„Åæ„Åó„Åü„ÄÇ„Å ©â€žÃ…Ü„Åó„Å ¶Ã" ºÃ¼â€â€žÃ„Ä(Yes, I graduated in 2004. Why?) Well, you see, Im right now in the Class of 2011, and I recognized the Brass Rat Unfortunately, around 20 seconds after that, he reached his stop and he had to get off, but before he left he told me that after graduation, he eventually come around to Japan and hes now working in a computer company here. He shook my hand, wished me good luck with school, and disappeared among the throng of people exiting the train. In retrospect, due to the big rush then and the excitement of finding a MIT alum in Tokyo (!), I realized that I forgot to ask for his name, but I was able to tell him that Im Course 7 (upon which he said, You really ARE a MIT student. Im certain now.) and that Im just a sophomore studying Japanese during IAP (Youre missing out on the Mystery Hunt!). Im entirely convinced that the Brass Rat is one of the most recognizable rings in existence is true now. :) ANDDDD our Ring Premiere (when sophomores get to see what their ring looks like) is this Friday! Wow. Seeing our Brass Rat. Does this mean that weve passed the midway point of our MIT life?

Selected Quotes From The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien

The Hobbit is a book by J.R.R. Tolkien, a famous Oxford professor, essayist and writer, published in 1937. The story centers on Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit who is caught up in a grand adventure. Here are a few quotes from The Hobbit.   Adventure Baggins quest takes him from a quiet, rural life to more dangerous territory to try to win a share of a great treasure guarded by Smaug the dragon. Along the way, he meets, confronts and is helped by a cast of characters, both good and bad. I am looking for someone to share in an adventure that I am arranging, and its very difficult to find anyone.  - Chapter 1I should think so -- in these parts! We are plain quiet folk and have no use for adventures. Nasty disturbing uncomfortable things! Make you late for dinner!  - Chapter 1Also, I should like to know about risks, out-of-pocket expenses, time required and remuneration, and so forth -- by which he meant: What am I going to get out of it? and am I going to come back alive.  - Chapter 1There is nothing like looking, if you want to find something.  - Chapter 4 The Golden Treasure Baggins is trying to help  Thorin Oakenshield, the head of a band of dwarves. This group used to inhabit Lonely Mountain until Smaug the dragon pillaged the dwarvish kingdom, then ruled by Thorins grandfather, and took the treasure. Far over the misty mountains cold / To dungeons deep and caverns old / We must away ere break of day / To seek the pale enchanted gold.  - Chapter 1Some sang too that Thror and Thrain would come back one day and gold would flow in rivers, through the mountain-gates, and all that land would be filled with new song and new laughter. But this pleasant legend did not much affect their daily business.  - Chapter 10 The Ring Baggins is initially more of a hindrance than help on the quest until he finds a magical ring that allows him to become invisible. He guessed as well as he could, and crawled along for a good way, till suddenly his hand met what felt like a tiny ring of cold metal lying on the floor of the tunnel. It was a turning point in his career, but he did not know it. He put the ring in his pocket almost without thinking; certainly it did not seem of any particular use at the moment.  - Chapter 5 BilboBaggins Baggins lived a life of quiet—though sparse—comfort ​until he was called upon to start his quest. In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit. Not a nasty, dirty, wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and an oozy smell, nor yet a dry, bare, sandy hole with nothing in it to sit down on or to eat: it was a hobbit-hole, and that means comfort. - Chapter 1​Chip the glasses and crack the plates! / Blunt the knives and bend the forks! / Thats what Bilbo Baggins hates.  - Chapter 1 Monstrous Characters Tolkien based many of the characters Baggins encounters on fairy tales such as Grimms fairy tales and Snow White. Trolls are slow in the uptake, and mighty suspicious about anything new to them.  - Chapter 2It does not do to leave a live dragon out of your calculations, if you live near him. Dragons may not have much real use for all their wealth, but they know it to an ounce as a rule, especially after long possession; and Smaug was no exception.  - Chapter 12

The Influence of Social Networking in Today’s Society ...

It is no understatement that social networking has enormously influenced and changed today’s society. Relationships, both social and in the workplace have been re-defined and shaped so much so, that individuals can even share their everyday life with whomever they please with the simple click of a button. If social networking if performed correctly, is greatly productive in helping an individual and/or business grow and become successful. It is about a configuration of individuals, brought together often by interpersonal means, such as friendship, common interests, or ideas (Coyle, C. L. amp; Vaughn, H. 2008). It can build strong foundations for relationships and create unity amongst people, which in turn lessens the workload due to an†¦show more content†¦As Young quotes, â€Å"in the internet, no one knows youre an introvert.† This form of escapism can be very damaging, not to just one-on-one relationships, but also causes rifts in families, affecting their d ynamics. As the number of users of social networking sites increase, so too do the number of risks associated with them. Teens and young- adults, who are the most vulnerable to these sites are sharing in-depth personal information with their â€Å"promiscuous friends†, being strangers they have chosen to accept and share with, (Watson, S. T. 2008) as well as categorised friends. Research showed teens rated their friends in terms of intimacy, which is so far from the notion of grading them into the two groups of ‘public’ and ‘private’ (Livingstone, S. 2008). Evidence like this shows today’s society are losing sense of relationships but seem to be too distracted living in their virtual world, only isolating themselves further. Instead of old-fashioned communication and intimacy between two individuals who already know each other to a degree, a large number of people are choosing to have these very public relationships solely based on what an individual is perceived as due to the information on their profile. A study in Boston showed individuals who watch Reality TV shows and use social networking sites are more likely to share their personal information, even pictures with people they have listed as friends and an alarming number whom which they have never metShow MoreRelatedIs Technology Always Beneficial?1561 Words   |  7 Pagesthis improper use of slang show us? The younger generation of today is known as the New Boomers (Carlson, 2008) beginning with people born in the early 1980’s and ending with people born in the early 2000’s. 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Social media have both a positiveRead MorePros And Negatives Of Social Media1495 Words   |  6 Pages Social media, has proved advantageous since its creation, as around 40 percent of the global population uses it on an everyday basis. However, many skeptics find a lot of faults with the creation and uses of social media among today’s population. Social media is said to provide a lack of emotional connection between individuals, causing the quality of a conversation to decrease. The tool decreases face-to-face interactions because som eone could develop such a reliability of talking virtually, theyRead MoreThe Media Is Responsible For The Increase Of Eating Disorders1452 Words   |  6 Pagesviewpoints on how the media plays a role in today’s era. My research will study the influence of media on eating behaviors and the significant studies regarding this topic. 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Native American Tribes in Virginia and Powhatan the Powhatan Free Essays

string(70) " to the group by choice or perhaps by coercion or even greater force\." The Powhatan (also spelled Powatan and Powhaten), is the name of a Virginia Indian[1] tribe. It is also the name of a powerful group of tribes which they dominated. It is estimated that there were about 14,000-21,000 of these native Powhatan people in eastern Virginia when the English settled Jamestown in 1607. We will write a custom essay sample on Native American Tribes in Virginia and Powhatan the Powhatan or any similar topic only for you Order Now [2] They were also known as Virginia Algonquians, as they spoke an eastern-Algonquian language known as Powhatan. In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, a mamanatowick (paramount chief)[3] named Wahunsunacawh created a powerful organization by affiliating 30 tributary peoples, whose territory was much of eastern Virginia, called Tsenacommacah (â€Å"densely-inhabited Land†),[4] Wahunsunacawh came to be known by the English as â€Å"Chief Powhatan. † Each of the tribes within this organization had its own weroance (chief), but all paid tribute to Chief Powhatan. [5] After Chief Powhatan’s death in 1618, hostilities with colonists escalated under the chiefdom of his brother, Opechancanough, who sought in vain to drive off the encroaching English. His large-scale attacks in 1622 and 1644 met strong reprisals by the English, resulting in the near elimination of the tribe. By 1646 what is called the Powhatan Paramount Chiefdom by modern historians had been largely destroyed. In addition to the ongoing conflicts with the ever-expanding English settlements and their inhabitants, the Powhatan suffered a high death rate due to infectious diseases, maladies introducted to North America by the Europeans to which the Native Americans of the United States had developed no natural immunities. By this time, the leaders of the colony were desperate for labor to develop the land. Almost half of the English and European immigrants arrived as indentured servants. As colonial expansion continued, the colonists imported growing numbers of enslaved Africans for labor. By 1700 the colonies had about 6,000 black slaves, one-twelfth of the population. It was common for black slaves to escape and join the surrounding Powhatan; white servants were also noted to have joined the Indians. Africans and whites worked and lived together; some natives also intermarried with them. After Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676, the colony enslaved Indians for control. In 1691 the House of Burgesses abolished Indian slavery; however, many Powhatan were held in servitude well into the 18th century. [6] In the 21st century, eight Indian tribes are recognized by the state as having ties with the original Powhatan complex chiefdom. [7] The Pamunkey and Mattaponi are the only two peoples who have retained reservation lands from the 17th century. 5] The competing cultures of the Powhatan and English settlers were united temporarily through the marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe. Their son Thomas Rolfe was the ancestor of many Virginians; thus, many of the First Families of Virginia have both English and Virginia Indian[1] ancestry. History [edit] Naming and terminology The name â€Å"Powhatan† is believed to have originated as the name of the village or town that Wahunsunacawh came from. The official title Chief Powhatan used by the English is believed to have been derived from the name of this location. Although the specific situs of his home village is unknown, in modern times, the Powhatan Hill neighborhood in the East End portion of the modern-day city of Richmond, Virginia is thought by many to be in the general vicinity of the original village. Tree Hill Farm, which is situated in nearby Henrico County a short distance to the east, is also considered as the possible site. â€Å"Powhatan† was also the name used by the natives to refer to the river where the town sat at the head of navigation. The English colonists chose to name it instead for their own leader, King James I. Many features in the early years of the Virginia Colony were named in honor of the king, as well as his three children, Elizabeth, Henry, and Charles. Although portions of Virginia’s longest river upstream from Columbia were much later named for Queen Anne of Great Britain, in modern times, it is called the James River. It extends from Hampton Roads westerly to the confluence of the Jackson River and Cowpasture River near the town of Clifton Forge. (The Rivanna River, a tributary of the James River, and Fluvanna County, each survive as named in legacy to Queen Anne). However, the only water body in Virginia to retain a name which honors the Powhatan peoples is Powhatan Creek, located in James City County near Williamsburg. Powhatan County and its county seat at Powhatan, Virginia were honorific names established years later, in locations west of the area populated by the Powhatan peoples. The county was formed in may, 1777. [edit] Complex chiefdom Likewise, perhaps more significant misnomers are the terms â€Å"Powhatan Confederacy† and â€Å"Powhatan Confederation. This grouping of tribes is clearly not best-defined in modern terms as a confederacy. That word is generally thought of as a grouping of entities each with greater individual power than the group when united. In many uses, a confederacy is distinctly different in structure from a centralized greater power than the parts, such as the current federal structure of the United States. Many historians attribute to a minor level the failure of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War in part to the weakness of the central government in comparison to the Union. It is important for a reader to note that most historians do not consider this difference as one of the major weaknesses leading to the Southern loss. However, the term Confederacy has become associated with the principal of states’ rights versus the central U. S. government). Using the word â€Å"confederacy† to define the Powhatan tribes extant in 1607 can therefore, be misleading when seeking to understand these people, their governments and their culture. It is true that the various tribes each held some individual powers locally. Each had a chief known as a weroance (male) or, more rarely, a weroansqua (female), meaning â€Å"commander,† [8]. As of 2010, we do not know to what degree most of the various tribes belonged to the group by choice or perhaps by coercion or even greater force. You read "Native American Tribes in Virginia and Powhatan the Powhatan" in category "Papers" As early as the era of John Smith of Virginia, the individual tribes of this grouping were clearly recognized by the English as falling under the greater authority of the centralized power (whatever it is labeled) led by the chiefdom of Chief Powhatan (c. June 17, 1545 – c. 1618), whose proper name was Wahunsenacawh or (in 17th century English spelling) Wahunsunacock. 9]. At the time of the 1607 English Settlement at Jamestown, he ruled primarily from Werowocomoco, which was located on northern shore of the York River. This location of Werowocomoco, itself only rediscovered in the early 21st century, was very central to l ocations of the various tribes. The improvements discovered during archaeological research at Werowocomoco have reinforced the paramount chiefdom of Chief Powhatan over the other tribes in the power hierarchy. Such issues in other cultures and the definitions are covered at some length by author Robert L. Carneiro in his 1981 work on anthropology, The Chiefdom: Precursor of the State. The Transition to Statehood in the New World. The center of power held by Chief Powhatan (and his several successors) is much more concisely defined as a â€Å"complex chiefdom. † [10] To refer to this complex chiefdom, the term â€Å"Powhatan Paramount Chiefdom† has become favored. Over time, this and other revisions to the knowledge and information available about the Powhatan peoples native to Virginia will undoubtedly be made as research work at Werowocomoco and elsewhere continues in the 21st century. See also: Werowocomoco edit] Chief Powhatan builds his chiefdom Wahunsunacawh had inherited control over just six tribes, but dominated more than thirty by the time the English settlers established their Virginia Colony at Jamestown in 1607. The original six constituent tribes in Wahunsunacock’s group were: the Powhatan (proper), the Arrohateck, the Appamattuck, the Pamunkey, the M attaponi, and the Chiskiack. He added the Kecoughtan to his fold by 1598. Some other affiliated groups included the Youghtanund, Rappahannocks, Moraughtacund, Weyanoak, Paspahegh, Quiyoughcohannock, Warraskoyack, and Nansemond. Yet another closely related tribe in the midst of these others, all speaking the same language, was the Chickahominy, who managed to preserve their autonomy from the Powhatan Paramount Chiefdom. In his famous work Notes on the State of Virginia (1781–82), Thomas Jefferson estimated that the Powhatan Confederacy occupied about 8,000 square miles (20,000 km2) of territory, with a population of about 8,000 people, of whom 2400 were warriors. [11] Later scholars estimated the population of the paramountcy[clarification needed] as 15,000. [edit] The English settlers in the land of the Powhatan John Smith taking the King of Pamunkey prisoner’, a fanciful image of Opechancanough from Smith’s General History of Virginia (1624). The image of Opechancanough is based on a 1585 painting of another native warrior by John White[1] The Powhatan Confederacy were the Indians among whom the English made their first permanent settlement in North America. This contributed to their d ownfall. Conflicts began immediately; the English colonists fired shots as soon as they arrived (due to a bad experience they had with the Spanish prior to their arrival). Within two weeks of the English arrival at Jamestown, deaths had occurred. The settlers had hoped for friendly relations and had planned to trade with the Virginia Indians for food. Captain Christopher Newport led the first English exploration party up the James River in 1607, when he met Parahunt, weroance of the Powhatan proper. The English initially mistook him for the paramount Powhatan (mamanatowick), who was in fact his father, Wahunsunacawh. On a hunting and trade mission on the Chickahominy River in December 1607, Captain John Smith, later president of the colony, was captured by Opechancanough, the younger brother of Wahunsunacawh. Smith became the first Englishman to meet the paramount chief, Powhatan. According to Smith’s account, Pocahontas, Wahunsunacawh’s daughter, prevented her father from executing Smith. Some researchers have asserted that a mock execution was a ritual intended to adopt Smith into the tribe, but other modern writers dispute this interpretation. They point out that nothing is known of 17th-century Powhatan adoption ceremonies. They note that an execution ritual is different from known rites of passage. Other historians, such as Helen Rountree, have questioned whether there was any risk of execution. They note that Smith failed to mention it in his 1608 and 1612 accounts, and only added it to his 1624 memoir, after Pocahontas had become famous. In 1608, Captain Newport realized that Powhatan’s friendship was crucial to the survival of the small Jamestown colony. In the summer of that year, he tried to â€Å"crown† the paramount Chief, with a ceremonial crown, to make him an English â€Å"vassal. [12] They also gave Powhatan many European gifts, such as a pitcher, feather mattress, bed frame, and clothes. The coronation went badly because they asked Powhatan to kneel to receive the crown, which he refused to do. As a powerful leader, Powhatan followed two rules: â€Å"he who keeps his head higher than others ranks higher,† and â€Å"he who puts other people in a vulnerable position, without altering his own stance, ranks higher. † To finish the â€Å"cor onation†, several English had to lean on Powhatan’s shoulders to get him low enough to place the crown on his head, as he was a tall man. Afterwards, the English might have thought that Powhatan had submitted to King James, whereas Powhatan likely thought nothing of the sort. [13] In fact, only by being warned beforehand by a sympathizing servant, was an assassination plot led by braves averted (the British also refused to let the natives take their muskets for â€Å"safekeeping†). [citation needed] After John Smith became president of the colony, he sent a force under Captain Martin to occupy an island in Nansemond territory and drive the inhabitants away. At the same time, he sent another force with Francis West to build a fort at the James River falls. He purchased the nearby fortified Powhatan village (present site of Richmond, Virginia) from Parahunt for some copper and an English servant named Henry Spelman, who wrote a rare firsthand account of the Powhatan ways of life. Smith then renamed the village â€Å"Nonsuch†, and tried to get West’s men to live in it. Both these attempts at settling beyond Jamestown soon failed, due to Powhatan resistance. Smith left Virginia for England in October 1609, never to return, because of an injury sustained in a gunpowder accident. Soon afterward, the English established a second fort, Fort Algernon, in Kecoughtan territory. The Coronation of Powhatan, oil on canvas, John Gadsby Chapman, 1835 In November 1609, Captain John Ratcliffe was invited to Orapakes, Powhatan’s new capital. After he had sailed up the Pamunkey River to trade there, a fight broke out between the colonists and the Powhatan. All of the English ashore were killed, including Ratcliffe, who was tortured by the women of the tribe. Those aboard the pinnace escaped and told the tale at Jamestown. During that next year, the tribe attacked and killed many Jamestown residents. The residents fought back, but only killed twenty. However, arrival at Jamestown of a new Governor, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, (Lord Delaware) in June of 1610 signalled the beginning of the First Anglo-Powhatan War. A brief period of peace came only after the capture of Pocahontas, her baptism, and her marriage to tobacco planter John Rolfe in 1614. Within a few years both Powhatan and Pocahontas were dead. The Chief died in Virginia, but Pocahontas died while in England. Meanwhile, the English settlers continued to encroach on Powhatan territory. After Wahunsunacawh’s death, his younger brother, Opitchapam, briefly became chief, followed by their younger brother Opechancanough. In 1622 and 1644 he attacked the English to force them from Powhatan territories. Both these attempts were met with strong reprisals from the English, ultimately resulting in the near destruction of the tribe. The Second Anglo–Powhatan War that followed the 1644 incident ended in 1646, after Royal Governor of Virginia William Berkeley’s forces captured Opechancanough, thought to be between 90 and 100 years old. While a prisoner, Opechancanough was killed, shot in the back by a soldier assigned to guard him. He was succeeded as Weroance by Necotowance, and later by Totopotomoi and by his daughter Cockacoeske. The Treaty of 1646 marked the effective dissolution of the united confederacy, as white colonists were granted an exclusive enclave between the York and Blackwater Rivers. This physically separated the Nansemonds, Weyanokes and Appomattox, who retreated southward, from the other Powhatan tribes then occupying the Middle Peninsula and Northern Neck. While the southern frontier demarcated in 1646 was respected for the remainder of the 17th century, the House of Burgesses lifted the northern one on September 1, 1649. Waves of new immigrants quickly flooded the peninsular region, then known as Chickacoan, and restricted the dwindling tribes to lesser tracts of land that became some of the earliest Indian reservations. In 1665, the House of Burgesses passed stringent laws requiring the Powhatan to accept chiefs appointed by the governor. After the Treaty of Albany in 1684, the Powhatan Confederacy all but vanished. Red line shows boundary between the Virginia Colony and Tributary Indian tribes, as established by the Treaty of 1646. Red dot on river shows Jamestown, capital of Virginia Colony. [edit] Capitals of the Powhatan people The capital village of â€Å"Powhatan† was believed to be in the present-day Powhatan Hill section of the eastern part of Richmond, Virginia, or perhaps nearby in a location which became part of Tree Hill Farm. Another major center of the confederacy about 75 miles (121 km) to the east was called Werowocomoco. It was located near the north bank of the York River in present-day Gloucester County. Werowocomoco was described by the English colonists as only 15 miles (24 km) as the crow flies from Jamestown, but also described as 25 miles (40 km) downstream from present-day West Point, measurements which conflict with each other. In 2003 archaeologists initiated excavations at a site in Gloucester County that have revealed an extensive indigenous settlement from about 1200 (the late Woodland period) through the early Contact period. Work since then has added to their belief that this is the location of Werowocomoco. The site is on a farm bordering n Purtain Bay of the York River, about 12 nautical miles (22 km) from Jamestown. The more than 50 acres (200,000 m2) residential settlement extends up to 1,000 feet (300 m) back from the river. In 2004, researchers excavated two curving ditches of 200 feet (60 m) at the far edge, which were constructed about 1400 CE. In addition to extensive artifacts from hundreds of years of indigenous settlement, researchers have found a variety of trade goods related to the brief interaction of Native Americans and English in the early years of Jamestown. Around 1609, Wahunsunacock shifted his capital from Werowocomoco to Orapakes, located in a swamp at the head of the Chickahominy River, near the modern-day interchange of Interstate 64 and Interstate 295. Sometime between 1611 and 1614, he moved further north to Matchut, in present-day King William County on the north bank of the Pamunkey River, not far from where his brother Opechancanough ruled one of the member tribes at Youghtanund. [edit] Characteristics The Powhatan lived east of the fall line in Tidewater Virginia. They built their houses, called yehakins, by bending saplings and placing woven mats or bark over top of the saplings. They supported themselves primarily by growing crops, especially maize, but they also fished and hunted in the great forest in their area. Villages consisted of a number of related families organized in tribes led by a chief (weroance/werowance or weroansqua if female). They paid tribute to the paramount chief (mamanatowick), Powhatan. [3] According to research by the National Park Service, Powhatan â€Å"men were warriors and hunters, while women were gardeners and gatherers. The English described the men, who ran and walked extensively through the woods in pursuit of enemies or game, as tall and lean and possessed of handsome physiques. The women were shorter, and were strong because of the hours they spent tending crops, pounding corn into meal, gathering nuts, and performing other domestic chores. When the men undertook extended hunts, the women went ahead of them to construct hunting camps. The Powhatan domestic economy depended on the labor of both sexes. † [14] All of Virginia’s natives practiced agriculture. They periodically moved their villages from site to site. Villagers cleared the fields by felling, girdling, or firing trees at the base and then using fire to reduce the slash and stumps. A village became unusable as soil productivity gradually declined and local fish and game were depleted. The inhabitants then moved on. With every change in location, the people used fire to clear new land. They left more cleared land behind. The natives also used fire to maintain extensive areas of open game habitat throughout the East, later called â€Å"barrens† by European colonists. The Powhatan also had rich fishing grounds. Bison had migrated to this area by the early 15th century. [15] [edit] The Powhatan people today [edit] State and federal recognition As of 2010, the state of Virginia has recognized eight Powhatan Indian-descended tribes in Virginia. Collectively, the tribes currently have 3,000-3,500 enrolled as tribal members. [16] It is estimated, however, that 3 to 4 times that number are eligible for tribal membership. [12] Two of these tribes, the Mattaponi and Pamunkey, still retain their reservations from the 17th century and are located in King William County, Virginia. Since the 1990s, the Powhatan Indian tribes which have state recognition, along with the other Virginia Indian tribe which has state recognition, have been seeking federal recognition. It has been a difficult process. They have been hampered by the lack of official records verifying heritage and by the historical misclassification of family members in the 1930s and 1940s, largely a result of Virginia’s state policy of race classification on official documents. After Virginia passed stringent segregation laws in the early 20th century and ultimately the Racial Integrity Act of 1924 which mandated every person who had any African heritage be deemed black, Walter Plecker, the head of Vital Statistics office, directed all state and local registration offices to use only the terms â€Å"white† or â€Å"colored† to denote race on official documents and thereby eliminated all traceable records of Virginia Indians. All state documents, including birth certificates, death certificates, marriage licenses, tax forms and land deeds, thus bear no record of Virginia Indians. Plecker oversaw the Vital Statistics office in the state for several decades, beginning in the early 20th century, and took a personal interest in eliminating traces of Virginia Indians. As a follower of the eugenics movement and, by modern day standards, a white supremacist, Plecker falsely surmised that there were no true Virginia Indians remaining as years of intermarriage has diluted the race. Over his years of service, he conducted a campaign to reclassify all bi-racial and multi-racial individuals as black, believing such persons were fraudulently attempting to claim their race to be Indian or white. The effect of his reclassification has been described by tribal members as â€Å"paper genocide†. Initially, the Virginia tribes’ efforts to gain federal recognition encountered resistance due to federal legislators’ concerns over whether gambling would be established on their lands if recognition were granted, as it would raise federal tax concerns and also casinos are illegal in Virginia. In March 2009, five of the state-recognized Powhatan Indian tribes and the one other state-recognized Virginia Indian tribe introduced a bill to gain federal recognition through an act of Congress. The bill, â€Å"The Thomasina E. Jordan Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act†, included a section forbidding the tribes from opening casinos, even if casinos became legal in Virginia. The House Committee on Natural Resources recommended the bill be considered by the US House of Representatives at the end of April, the House approved the bill on June 3, 2009. The bill was then sent to the Senate’s Committee on Indian Affairs, who recommended it be heard by the Senate as a whole in October. On December 23, 2009, the bill was placed on the Senate Legislative Calendar under general orders, which is where the bill is currently. How to cite Native American Tribes in Virginia and Powhatan the Powhatan, Papers

Change Management for Organization Development -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theChange Management for Organization Development. Answer: Introduction Change management is also referred to as CM is a collective term for all the approaches required to prepare and support individuals, teams and organizations in the making of the organizational change. The change management also includes the methods that redirects or redefines the use of the business processes, resources, and the allocation of the budget and other modes of operation that change an organization or a company respectively (Cameron Green, 2015). The Organizational Change Management that is the OCM takes into consideration the whole organization and what is required to be changed. Nevertheless, the change management is used to refer how the people and the teams are affected by the organizational transitions. The organizations have to be comfortable with the changes that are occurring in the business environment. Due to the growth of the technology, the modern organizational change is motivated by the exterior innovations more than the internal factors. The following essay discusses the theories, models, types and critiques of planned change (Gerth, 2013). Discussion: Theories of change management To manage the change and the implementation of the change strategies it is important to avoid implementation of the immaterial and the arbitrary methods. The change management is the ongoing process, which takes time, dedication and efforts to implement and run. There is also the requirement of the involving of people or the employees of the organization who will also be affected by these changes. The following are some strategies and approaches to implement the change management: Lewins Change management model This model is very popular and effective that helps to understand the organizational structured change. Kurt Lewin designed the respective model in the 1950s. The model has a few stages that include unfreeze, change and freeze. There is the need to have a preparation for the change and the organization has to be prepared for the change. This is an important phase as mostly people resist change (Hayes, 2014). The organization has to look into its core and re-examine it. The real transition takes place in the stage of the change. This takes time, as people need to adapt to the change and embrace it. There is the need for good leadership and reassurance to make the processes easier for the staff. The key to success is communication at this time. After the change is accepted the staff and processes at this time refreezes and things tend to go back to their normal routine. The changes should be used by the people all the time with a sense of stability and confidence that are acquired. Aft er the change has been recognized, embraced and executed by the organization and the people, the things become secure again. McKinsey 7 S Model The professionals working for McKinsey Company in the 1980s developed this model. It has seven steps. The strategy is to be created to go beyond the competition and reach its target. There is the need to develop a systematic procedure. Secondly, the way the organization is to be divided should be according to the structure. Thirdly, there should be a day-to-day system for the activities to be performed. Fourthly, the shared values, which are the main values of the organization. Fifthly, the manner or style, in which the changes are adopted and implemented. Sixthly, the staff and their working capabilities. Lastly, the skills possessed by the employees of the organization. This model offers a directional factor to the organizational change and a better understanding of the organization. The model is complex in nature compared to the others (Matos Marques Simoes Esposito, 2014). Kotters change management theory This theory of change management is adopted mostly. John P. Kotter has designed it. This theory is divided into eight stages. The increase involves the creation of a sense of urgency among the people to provide them motivation to move forward. The building of the team is by the selection of a mix of skills, knowledge and commitment. In order to empower action and implementation of the feedback it is to be done in a constructive way (Pollack Pollack 2015). The focus has to be on short term goals is a good way to achieve success. Moreover managing the change in an effective manner helps to reinforce this in the workplace culture. Persistence should be there in the process of the change management. This model is easy to follow and incorporate. The focus of this theory is to accept the change and prepare for it rather than changing itself. However, the entire process in this model is very time consuming. Each step of this model gas to be followed and none can be skipped. Planned change management Different theories in change management have guided the companies to change all the aspects of different departments. Planned change can be done in structure, technology, human resources or some combination of the above-mentioned features. The magnitude of change can be characterized by the incremental or fundamental change (Bridges Bridges, 2017). Planned efforts to change have been criticized by many people. The first step to change management is to identifying the group of people that needs to be involved in a change. This depends on the organizations leadership capability, job designs and organisational policies and procedures to rigid resistance. The settings of the change management either being domestic or being international have traditionally applied that process to implement and stimulate the innovation in the organizations. Conceptualization and practice of planned change These change activities should be guided by the following parameters Information about organisational features that are in need of change Predicted or intended outcomes for making the change sustainable The mechanisms by which the outcomes are achieved Contingencies of successful changes Concerns that are not to be taken for advantage The organisational development practitioners and activities that qualifies to take place in change Different types of planned change The three main types of planned change is Individual this change can be of three types again. Change in allocated job assignment. Then the change in transferable factor. Last is the change in maturity level, which comes with the needed, regarding the management factors. Group this change needs to be considered different factors. Involving the trade unions and work place changes. Inefficiency in the work design also needs change in-group category. Lack of communication is also guided by group change. Organization - different functions and features of change guide organisational change. This is the change in hierarchy level and involves the structural change, Strategic change, operational process oriented change and lastly the people oriented change like retrenching the entire work force. Approaches to different planned change features Organisational design - The classical or the traditional organisational design have long been the approach of organizations. It mainly focuses on job responsibility, creating divisions appropriate in nature and division of labor and the line of performance. The structure may be flat or for a company, which operates on global basis or outsources the resources can be streamlined. But the combination can be the cause of structural change (Cummings Worley, 2014). Decentralization as the companies adapts to change they clears their path to innovation. Decentralization means that involving the minor self-contained organizational units that are meant to increase motivation and presentation of unit members and to focus their attention on highest main concern activities (Hayes, 2014). Examples of an full proof planned changes good outcome is when Cray Empires Researchs decisions to let the founder Seymour Cray buy his own research benefit and investing in a separate new company, Cray Computer, is a good example. Another example is Disneys pronouncement to create Touchstone Pictures, that offers more stylish films than the usual Disney fare. Modified workflow modification of the workflow system in an organization can be improvised by the ultimate productivity enhancements. Investments are the key to achieve that. Technological change - the evolutionary incorporations of technological change has been evidence to major change in the companies. The reach of global technologies has been the key to achieve the optimum change in organization (Bradley 2016). External and internal factors - The external factors that influence the planned change are the economic, competitive, globalizations and legislations forces, that affects or stimulates the change. Therefore, these forces can be identified as a positive force. The economical factors like financial status of the economy, the challenging consumer forces and other several factors include this (Mantere, Schildt Sillince, 2012). The more important among this is the legislator factors and consumer preferences that involve this. The internal factors involves the management change which gives a paradigm shift in the organization development and hiring risk is also involved in this parameter. The communication problem that happens in the organization supposed to also change the incorporation. The Intrapreneurship change is also a factor that pushes the internal organization change (Mitchell, 2013). Conclusion Therefore, from the above change management theories and planned change management discussion of the critics it can be concluded that, if a company is on a stagnant phase change is essential, but there are many aspect of change that can go negative if they are not considered properly. The positive outcome can become a nightmare for others not involved in change to cooperate smoothly. References Bradley, G. (2016).Benefit Realisation Management: A practical guide to achieving benefits through change. CRC Press. Bridges, W., Bridges, S. (2017).Managing transitions: Making the most of change. Da Capo Press. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Gerth, C. (2013). Introduction. InBusiness Process Models. Change Management(pp. 1-12). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Mantere, S., Schildt, H. A., Sillince, J. A. (2012). Reversal of strategic change.Academy of Management Journal,55(1), 172-196. Matos Marques Simoes, P., Esposito, M. (2014). Improving change management: How communication nature influences resistance to change.Journal of Management Development,33(4), 324-341. Mitchell, G. (2013). Selecting the best theory to implement planned change: Improving the workplace requires staff to be involved and innovations to be maintained. Gary Mitchell discusses the theories that can help achieve this.Nursing Management,20(1), 32-37. Pollack, J., Pollack, R. (2015). Using Kotters eight stage process to manage an organisational change program: Presentation and practice.Systemic Practice and Action Research,28(1), 51-66.

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An Evaluation of the Use of the PRINCE2 Project Management Methodology

An Evaluation of the Use of the PRINCE2 Project Management Methodology Introduction PRINCE2 is an acronym standing for PRojects, IN Controlled Environments. It is a method that is used by project managers in managing projects. This method is commonly used by the UK government, although it is also used in other countries. It covers both the organization and management of a project. PRINCE2 can be defined as a method used by project managers to manage projects.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on An Evaluation of the Use of the PRINCE2 Project Management Methodology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It helps them to decide who should be concerned with certain projects and what is expected of them, that is, the project team and its responsibilities. PRINCE2 gives a set of processes that should be adopted in a project and explains the kind of information that should be incorporated in a given project. Nonetheless, it is important to understand that the method does not perform any task and will never give an assurance of a project success. It just gives a guideline of what should or should not be involved in a project and leaves the project managers to make their own decisions. A triumphant project, that is, one that delivers quality results within the set budget and on time depends on the eminence of people who are concerned in its execution. This includes project board and the project team which does most of the work. Today, projects engross different groups of people including but not limited to the clients, contractors, and the users. The most important objective behind the use of PRINCE2 is to make sure that there is a universal language amongst the concerned parties. Customers and suppliers are brought together by contracts, whereas the project team and the project board are brought together by the responsibilities expected of them by the customers and or the users of the project. By using PRINCE2 project managers have been able to manage projects more easily and thi s ensures that the products that are delivered from the project are of the right quality. This paper looks at the history of PRINCE2 as a project management method, its relationship with project management and programme management, some of the advantages of using this method to the project managers, and the disadvantages. It also looks at the processes, components and techniques of PRINCE2. Brief History of PRINCE2 PRINCE2 was derived from PROMPTII and PRINCE project management method that was discovered in 1989 by the government of UK. It was discovered in 1996 as a more efficient management method than PROMP TII and since then, it has become a popular method and it is increasingly being used for managing project in the UK (Haughey 1).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It has now become a common method used by project managers, not only in the UK but in 50 other co untries. The most recent version of PRINCE2 was released in 2009 by OGC, although the name did not change to PRINCE3 as it would have been expected, was an indication that the method is still faithful to its ideologies. However, it had been going through a series of revisions since 1996 in order to be compatible to the present global business environment. The major dissimilarity between PRINCE2:2009 and the previous version is that, the 2009 version entails the use of two instruction manuals; one for the management victorious projects and the other for directing projects. Pass mark has been increased to 55 per cent (for the practitioner assessment) but that of foundation examination stays. Further, the practitioner exam will not take 3 hours as it used to but 2 and a half hours (Haughey 5) Project Management The work of a project manager is to organize and control a project within an organization. To do this, he selects human resources who are competent enough to work on the project and it is his responsibility to supervise their work to ensure that it done timely and according to laid down standards. The project administrator proposes the project arrangements that spell out the task of the project as well as its duration. A client pays for the project whilst the user is the individual who employs the results of the project or rather one who the product impacts on. However, in some cases, the consumer and the client can be the same person and the person whose proficiency is being used on the project is known as a consultant. For the project to deliver the expected results, these people have to co-ordinate with each other. They have to ensure that, the project does to exceed the set budget, it is of the right quality and it is delivered on time. Each PRINCE2 must have a project panel composed of the client, the user (or his delegate), and the consultant or purveyor (Anon. â€Å"PRINCE2 methodology overview† 4). In PRINCE2, these people are known as the c lient, senior consumer, and the superior contractor. It remains the duty of the project manager to report to the project panel on the development of the project and any foreseeable challenges or predicaments. In return, the project board provides the project manager with appropriate decisions on how to handle the project and how to overcome any challenges that comes his way.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on An Evaluation of the Use of the PRINCE2 Project Management Methodology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More PRINCE2 is a knowledge-based approach that covers a wide area in project management. It provides a process model composed of eight processes that act as a guide to a project manager in planning and managing projects. PRINCE2 project management method can be applied to a vast number of projects and in a wide range of intricacy. Moreover, the PRINCE2 instruction manual on the management of unbeaten projects gives a number of mechanisms that help a project manager in using the process model. One advantage of PRINCE2 is that, it helps to standardize the activities in an organization while allowing project managers to adopt a range of products using the same processes and terminology. The major constraint is that, it limits the level of creativity in the methods applied by managers in managing projects (Anon. â€Å"PRINCE2 methodology overview† 5). Programme Management Programme management involves managing groups of projects for a desired benefit. It involves structuring and controlling projects in a group so that they give effective results. Large and complex projects are normally broken down into small and inter-related projects for easy management. In doing this, one has to take into consideration, the time and the budget allocated to the specific projects. The importance of using PRINCE2 in programme management is that, it helps in grouping of projects according to their purpose an d urgency. Just like in project management, PRINCE2 assist programme managers in setting a procedure that has to be followed in seeing that all projects yield the expected results. It helps them to set the roles and responsibilities of the different people involved in programming and also give a guideline to be followed in supervising projects. Advantages of using PRINCE2 to both project managers and programme managers Risk Management Many people take about risk management but rarely do they do anything in connection to it. The major problem is that many people do not know whose responsibility it is to manage risk. PRINCE2 provides a solution to this since it defines the method of handling risk. The latest version PRINCE2:2009 which was released in June 2009 provides a strategy for managing risk.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This involves identification of risks, evaluation, and how to deal with identified risk within a project. It also gives an idea of who is accountable for carrying out the diverse roles implicated in risk management. It sets out the number and types of risks that an organization can be able to bear within a project. The first step in risk management is to identify the risks in a project; this can be done by following the approaches given in the new manual (Hinde, â€Å"Better Risk management with PRINCE2† 1). Some of these approaches are: reviewing critical issues from previous projects, conducting a risk brainstorming session, and establishing a structure for breaking down risks. A risk structure is a diagram that resembles an organization chart but it is divided into different ways, for instance by the use of the PESTEL analysis. Risks can also be identified by reviewing the different aspects of a project, such as percentage of approvals, issues raised regarding the project, defects captured in the projects, just to name but a few. After identifying the possible risks in a project, the next step is to assess the risk exposure. In this progression, each threat is measured in terms of percentage and the pecuniary impact it can generate in case it happen to occur. The fraction of incidence is multiplied by the pecuniary impact to arrive at the supposed value in case the risk takes place. By adding up the expected values of the all the expected risks, we get a monetary value that represent the risk exposure of the project in question. PRINCE2 recommends that, each risk should be recorded when they are expected to occur in order to give the proximity of the risk. It also suggests that the possibility and the impact of a risk ought to be put into consideration to establish whether this show a discrepancy over time. Apart from just considering when a risk may or may not occur, PRINCE2 considers the causes of risks. This gives a deeper analysis in identifying and assessing risks thereby providing a better approach to the process of risk management. Not all risks results in negative impacts; some risks are opportunities. According to PRINCE2, there are three approaches to an opportunity: exploitation of the opportunity by ensuring that it occurs, increasing its probability of occurrence, or rejecting the opportunity (Hinde, â€Å"Better Risk management with PRINCE2† 5). The responsibility of a project manager entails searching for more prospects that would make a project better, by making this a component of the process of managing risks; the project manager are in a position to recognize more risks Project Assurance Normally, the work of project assurance is to provide independent views on the progress of the project. In PRINCE2, the scrutiny of project reassurance is divided into three; client, organization, and the specialist. Project assurance is all about checking the progress of the project to ensure that it remains within th e budget and that it is cost effective, this is referred to as business assurance. User assurance entails examining whether the consumer’s requirements are being offered whilst specialist reassurance involves inspecting whether the project is offering the anticipated solution. In the majority projects, assurance is carried out by a self-regulating panel (referred to as the â€Å"project assurance team†), although in other assignments, it is the panel in the project board that carries out the assurance (Anon. â€Å"PRINCE2 methodology overview† 3). Project Support Projects involve a lot of administrative work, everyone has to be informed about the progress, meetings have to be arranged, plans have to be updated, and files have to be kept properly, among other activities. In small projects, the project managers do most of this work, but if the project is big, they delegate some of these duties to members of the project team. PRINCE2 recommends that a project suppo rt office should be set up to help the project manager carry out his duties effectively and also gives a guideline of how some of the responsibilities should be delegated to the project team members. Controlling Change PRINCE2 involves more than just describing and analyzing the responsibilities required of each member. It also explains how risk can be managed, how to achieve quality results, and how to control the project. Management of risk involves forecasting on the future and determining the problems that can be encountered in the process of the project and designing appropriate mechanisms to tackle such challenges. On the other hand, the management (quality) is all about probing the value of the work done through appraising or re-examining it (Office of Government Commerce 342). During the project’s life-cycle, many alterations take place, for instance, members from the team may well change their mind, the client or user possibly will change some of the given instructio ns, or other things may perhaps take place, which may possibly affect the value of the project. PRINCE2 has a unique technique that enables project managers to control the changes that may take place in the execution of a project in order to ensure that such changes do not impact the project negatively. Disadvantages At times, PRINCE2 is regarded as unsuitable and unproductive for small projects, because of the work implicated in preserving and generating documents, and lists. This time and again results in a misinterpretation of which parts of PRINCE2 should be useful. PRINCE2 does not take into consideration the size of the projects but assume all projects are the same and that they should follow the same procedure. However, this may be quite ineffective for small projects which have a smaller budget. Creating and maintaining some of the documents and lists is an expensive process which can not be done by the project manager alone. He has to hire an additional employee which may n ot be possible according to the budget. PRINCE2 provides many ideas for the management of projects. However, the quality approach can sometimes be entirely inappropriate because it redefines the original meaning of quality. According to the dictionary, the word quality means standard of excellence. On the other hand, PRINCE2 defines quality as something fit for the purpose, which it can be designed without taking into consideration the standards of excellence. This re-definition of quality creates a lot of controversies in the application of PRINCE2 to many project managers (Hinde, â€Å"Why PRINCE2’s approach to quality is flawed† 2). At the start of PRINCE2 project, the project manager agrees with the customer about the attributes to be created from the project, in other terms known as the acceptance criteria. After the products have been delivered to the customer, he will only sigh against them if they fulfil the acceptance criteria. However, this is under the assum ption that, the customer understands what they want, but in most cases, the do not. This is a problem in PRINCE2 projects which assumes that users know the quality of the products that they want. PRINCE2 defines a project according to its uniqueness and the more unique a project is, the harder it becomes to specify what is required of the end product. PRINCE2 Processes PRINCE2 process that was revised in 2009 takes place in almost 40 separate activities which are organized further into seven processes. This can be summarized in following chart. [from: aipm.com.au/resource/PRINCE2%20Overview%20-%20AIPM%20v1.pdf} Starting Up a Project The first process is the start up of a new project. A project team is appointed in this process, and the purpose of the project including the expected outcome is prepared. It is in this process that decisions regarding the approach to be adopted are made and the next process is discussed and planned for. After doing this, the project board authorizes th e stage that follows, that is, the initiation of the project. Key activities in the start up process include but not limited to selection of the project manager and a supervisory member, management panel selection, project brief preparation among others (Anon. â€Å"PRINCE2 processes, components, and techniques† 2). Initiation Stage Main activities involved in this stage include planning for a quality approach, planning for the project, redefining project brief into business case, creating project files, creating project controls, and bringing together a project instigation document. This process continues with the work instigated in the start-up stage and augments the brief into a business case. The executive, project manager, and project management team work together to define an approach for testing quality of the project with a general objective of controlling the entire project. This stage involves the creation of project files which act as a general plan for the entire project. The next stage is also created and all information resulting from this stage is forwarded to the project board for the purpose of authorization. Directing a Project The main activities in this stage include but not limited to authorization of project initiation, authorization of projects, authorization of a stage plan, giving of direction, and project closure conformation. In this process, the roles and responsibilities of the project board are stipulated; the main role of this board is to control the entire project. As seen earlier, it is the work of the project board to authorize the initiation stage as well as the project itself. The directing stage stipulates how the project board is supposed to approve a stage plan, and other plans that are designed to replace the stage plan due to unforeseen conditions (Murray 2). This stage also gives an overview of how the project board is expected to direct the project including the activities involved in closing down a project. Co ntrolling a Stage According to PRINCE2, projects should be divided into processes and sub-processes dictating how each phase ought to be monitored and controlled. This includes the method of authorizing and receiving work packages. It also explains how the progress of a project ought to be monitored and how major outcomes of the project ought to be reported to the board. The controlling stage also puts forward the technique to be espoused in capturing and gauging issues interrelated to the project and how counteractive action should be implemented. It suggests the method to be adopted in delivering project issues to the project board. The key activities in this stage include authorization of work packages, reviewing progress, investigating project issues, assessing the stage of the project, report major events to the board, taking remedial action, and rising project issues. Managing Stage Boundaries As seen above, the controlling process suggests what must be done in a given stage. On the other hand, the managing stage boundaries suggest what have to to be prepared when a stage is near completion. This phase also states what ought to be done if a stage is going through difficulties or of it has gone ahead of those levels that can be tolerated, and how the finishing point of the project have to be reported to the panel. The core actions in this phase include: bringing up to date the plan for a project, business case, and the risk record, setting up a stage, reporting the end of a project, and creation of elimination plan. Managing Product Delivery The purpose of this stage is to ensure that, there is co- ordination between the project team and the project manager. Main objectives are; To make certain that the project manager consents to the work of the group and that it is decided upon by the panel members To certify that the panel members, the project administrator, and suppliers comprehend the anticipated result, and that they are able to work within the set time limit, and cost to produce outstanding results (Watling 2) To ensure delivery of every products as per the project’s arrangement and within the financial plan To make sure that the project director is provided with truthful information on a habitual basis as regards to the development of the venture in order to deal with the expectations satisfactorily In summary, the core activities involved in this phase include: recognition, implementation, and work-package delivery. Closing a Project This comprises of the actions that have to be completed just before the end of a project. In this stage, the project is officially de-commissioned and resources distributed to other activities. Then the project is evaluated and follows on actions identified. The key activities in this stage include: project decommissioning, project evaluation, and identification of the follow-on actions (Watling 4). PRINCE2 techniques Quality Review The purpose of this technique is to ensure that, the products resulting from a project are of good standard, that is, they meet the quality criteria. More often than not, this is done in a quality reassess meeting in which inaccuracies in products are recognized. It is worth noting that the quality review meeting is not under any obligation to resolve the errors identified in products, its work is to bring the interested people together and to help the project team in addressing the identified issues (Anon. â€Å"PRINCE2 processes, components, and techniques† 3). Product Based Planning This technique defines a project according to the output and not its activities. Before a project is initiated, the project managers have to understand the products required by the users. This helps them in planning for the activities that should be incorporated in the project but it is not the activities that determine the end product (Murray 4). Change Control This technique gives a procedure on how to log and assess the impacts of a project, h ow to escalate issues to the board, and how to manage changes. PRINCE2 Components The components of PRINCE2 are given in the outer part of the chart below [From: aipm.com.au/resource/PRINCE2%20Overview%20-%20AIPM%20v1.pdf] PRINCE2 has eight main components, these are: Business case- This is a justification for a project Organization- This gives an overview of the roles and responsibilities of all the people involved in a project, this includes project managers, project team, and the project board. Plans- This gives a definition of products expected from a project, how work is shared and carried out among the parties involved. This includes; timescale of the project, budget, and when to make frequent reports to the project board (Anon. Managing and Directing Successful Projects with PRINCE2 3). Controls- This component gives an overview of the procedure to be followed by project managers and the board in controlling the activities of a project Management of risk- Every undertaking involves taking risks; this component explains the approach to be adopted in managing risks in a project. Quality in a project Environment- This explains how quality products are ensured within a project and how such products are delivered Configuration management- This gives an explanation how to identify and track the products of a project Change control- It is common for changes to occur in the process of execution of a project. Change control explains how such changes should to be managed to ensure that, the quality of the end products are not compromised. Conclusion PRINCE2 has made Project management easy since it contains well defined framework. It provides a clear procedure on how to coordinate activities and the project team members, how to plan for the project, how to supervise it, and how to handle the challenges that comes along the execution of the project. PRINCE2 defines all the processes involved in a project with specifications on key inputs, output, goals, and act ivities to be undertaken. This helps project managers to control any deviations that may occur in the plan. It also ensures that all available resources are controlled efficiently, projects are carried out in an organized manner and they are easily monitored in an organized way. PRINCE2 is a well structured method that is widely acknowledged and understood by many project managers who have done either the foundation or practitioner examinations. It provides a basis for communication where all participants are able to communicate in a common language. Major tasks and duties concerned in the managing of a project are illustrated without a doubt and are well-matched to the proficiency of a firm and the complexity of the project. PRINCE2 also helps project managers in indentifying risks, evaluating the risk exposures and how to exploit risks into opportunities. Many people just talk about risks but hardly do anything to mitigate them. Others think that it is not their responsibilities t o manage risks and just sit down and watch things go out of hand. According PRINCE2, it is the work of the project manager to manage risks although he can delegate the same to a member of the project team who he feels is in a position to do the work. This management method provides a guideline on how to indentify risks, assess them, or even turn them into opportunities. Management of risk involves forecasting on the future and determining the problems that can be encountered in the process of the project and designing appropriate mechanisms to tackle such challenges. Some of the major shortcomings of PRINCE2 are: it assumes all projects to be the same and does not give a separate procedure for smaller projects and also it re-defines the meaning of quality by assuming that users are knowledgeable of the quality of the products they are requesting for. PRINCE2 method involves different processes, components and techniques. The processes include: start-up of project, initiation stage, directing a project, and controlling a project. Some of the components are: plans, organization, controls, business case, and change control. It has only three techniques; quality control, product-based planning, and change control Anon. Managing and Directing Successful Projects with PRINCE2. Press release, June 2009. Web. best-management-practice.com/gempdf/PRINCE2_2009_Overview_Brochure_June2009.pdf. Anon. â€Å"PRINCE2 methodology overview.† ILX Group plc, 2010. Web. PRINCE2.com/prince2-structure.asp Anon. â€Å"PRINCE2 Processes, Components, and Techniques.† Aipm, 2010. Web. aipm.com.au/resource/PRINCE2%20Overview%20-%20AIPM%20v1.pdf Haughey, Duncan. â€Å"The History of PRINCE2.† Project Smart, 2010. Web.. projectsmart.co.uk/history-of-prince2.html Hinde, David. â€Å"Better Risk Management with PRINCE2.† Project Smart, 2010. Web.. projectsmart.co.uk/better-risk-management-with-prince2.html Hinde, David. â€Å"Why PRINCE2’s Approach to Qu ality is flawed.† Project Smart, 2010. Web.. projectsmart.co.uk/why-prince2s-approach-to-quality-is-flawed.html Murray, Andy. â€Å"Best Management Practice for Project, Programme, and Risk Management.† White paper, 2007. Web. best-management-practice.com/gempdf/PRINCE2_White_Paper_v3.pdf Office of Government Commerce. Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2 (5th ed.). The Stationery Office, 2009. ISBN 978-0113310593. Watling, Shaun. â€Å"A Procedural Worksheet on PRINCE2 Project Management.† Project Smart, 2010. Web.. projectsmart.co.uk/procedural-worksheet-on-prince2-project-management.html

Event Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Event Proposal - Essay Example ns inherent in the days of the yore, either because they do not get the time or chance to engage in historical research or studies or because they find the entire process to be boring and drab. However, if an era is presented to an audience in a movie format, accompanied by a commensurate opportunity for fun and pleasure, it could safely be assumed that a majority of the people will prefer to vouch for such an event. Herein, lays the conception of an event by the name 1920s NIGHT. The idea is to organize a 1920s movie night followed by any after show party. The movie to be presented will be The Gatsby that is not only typically representative of the 1920s society, but the themes inherent in it also have a contemporary appeal. A survey was conducted to gauge the people interest in such an event. Forty Five of the 60 participants voted in favour of such an event and the same number agreed to participate in both the sections that is the movie and the after movie party. Thirty three of t he participants agreed to participate in both the sections, besides, twenty eight participants agreed to pay for the movie and the party, 7 agreed to pay only for the movie and 28 agreed to pay only for the party. Also, surprisingly, 50 of the 60 participants agreed to dress up in consonance with the theme of the proposed event that is 1920s. To begin with, the location of the event has been selected while taking into consideration the convenience of the target audience (Watt 2003, p. 190). The primary objective is to enhance participation and to dilute the dropout rate (Watt 2003, p. 190). All the participants will be contacted in a personalized way and the marketing and communications activities will be designed while focusing on a pragmatic segmentation of the target audience (Varey 2002). The pricing of the event has also been so designed to offer the apt pre registration incentives, thereby encouraging the participants for both the movie and the after movie party. A continual